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…and Frank Sinatra, and Bill Clinton, and (insert your favorite famous blue-eyed person here). The Danish geneticist, Hans Eiberg, who pioneered research into understanding the genetics of eye color, now traces all blue-eyed people back to a common ancestor who lived 6,000 to 10,000 years ago, perhaps around the Black Sea near the Ukraine or Turkey.

About 10 years ago, Eiberg discovered the gene OC2, which helps determine your eye color. Now he’s discovered a mutation that “switches off” this gene, ultimately resulting in blue eyes. Because the mutation is extremely specific, all people with blue eyes have the exact same genetic variation, and anyone with brown or green eyes do not. As a result, says Eiberg said, the mutation must have come from a single ancestor. “It’s not a guess,” he says. “It has to be.”

Read more on how eye color is determined (and check out photos of blue-eyed celebrities) at Spiegal International news: (more…)

The NY Times reported today about a genetic study that helps to confirm anthropological theories about the ancestral origins of the people living on the widely scattered Pacific Islands:

In an analysis of the DNA of 1,000 individuals from 41 Pacific populations, an international team of scientists found strong evidence showing that Polynesians and Micronesians in the central and eastern islands had almost no genetic relationship to Melanesians, in the western islands like Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck and Solomons archipelagos. …

The new genetic research, said Patrick V. Kirch, an anthropologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who is an authority on Pacific cultures, was “overwhelming biological evidence for a clear population movement out of Southeast Asia and Taiwan to Polynesia.” (more…)

Business Week’s Debate Room has just posted a debate on insurance coverage for genetic testing. Frankly, it’s not much of a debate. The pros for insurance coverage are presented by Dr. Philip Reilly, an accomplished geneticist and thought leader. He summarizes the current state and likely future of genetic testing. The cons are presented by Greg Fish, an IT business analyst, who offers the usual fear-mongering.

Of note, industry publication Health Plan Week (formerly Managed Care Weekly) just ran an article on exactly this: “Insurers Are Considering Change to Coverage for Genetic Testing and Related Patient Counseling Services.” At this point, coverage isn’t a matter of pro or con, it’s really a matter of which tests and for whom. Genetic testing is here, payers see the promise, and they’re trying to find the best strategies for coverage.

Genetic tests available in the market today fall into four categories, [says Drew Fromkin, CEO of Clinical Data, Inc.]: (more…)

Over at the medical genetics forum on MedHelp, senior genetics counselor Lisa Kessler responds to an inquiry about the inheritance patterns of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), which is also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. Many people assume serious conditions such as ALS are either hereditary or they are not. We are increasingly finding, however, that for many conditions — ALS being one of them — it’s not black and white. ALS is particularly interesting in that in can be inherited in different ways. Here’s how Lisa explains it:

Lisa’s answer: Approximately 10% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are familial. As you know, ALS is a neurodegenerative disorder in which motor neurons (nerve cells that communicate to muscle cells) in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord die. This causes paralysis and death. ALS usually begins in middle adult life, and the lifetime risk of developing ALS is 1 in 800. (more…)